Fissured tongue Detailed Information

 Fissured tongue is a benign condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in the dorsum of the tongue. The surface furrows may differ in size and depth, radiate outward, and cause the tongue to have a wrinkled appearance. The condition may be evident at birth (congenital) or become apparent during childhood or later. Fissured tongue is seen in Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and in most patients with Down syndrome. More than 60% of children and young adults with Down syndrome had notable skin and mucous membrane conditions.

Overall, the prevalence within the United States has been reported to range from 2-5% of the population. It is frequently associated with geographic tongue and psoriasis, especially pustular psoriasis. Fissured tongue affects the top surface of the tongue and often extends out to the edges of the tongue. The size and depth of the fissures vary and when particularly large and deep the fissures or grooves may be interconnected, separating the top surface of the tongue into what may look like several lobules. In some cases, fissured tongue may develop in association with infection or malnutrition.

In other affected individuals, it may occur with certain underlying syndromes or may be a familial condition, suggesting autonomic dominant inheritance. Fissured tongue is considered by most to be a variant of normal tongue architecture.Fissured tongue is a benign condition that does not require any specific treatment. Patients should be encouraged to brush the top surface of their tongue to remove any debris. Fissured tongue may cause irritation or infection when lodged between the grooves. Additional consultation with an appropriate physician may be necessary if the patient exhibits manifestations of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, particularly cranial nerve VII paralysis.