Esther's Zeal & The Feast of Purim

Historical Context and Significance

The Story of Esther

The Book of Esther, set in the Persian period around 406-359 BC, narrates the story of a Jewish woman named Esther who becomes queen of Persia and thwarts a plan to annihilate her people. The narrative unfolds in the Persian city of Susa, where Esther, originally named Hadassah, is taken to the palace of King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I) after he deposes his previous queen, Vashti. Unbeknownst to the king, Esther is Jewish, and her cousin Mordecai, who raised her, plays a crucial role in the palace.

The Turning Point

The plot against the Jews is engineered by Haman, a high-ranking official who despises Mordecai for refusing to bow to him. Haman convinces Ahasuerus to issue a decree for the destruction of the Jewish people. Mordecai learns of the plan and implores Esther to intervene. Despite the risk to her own life, Esther approaches the king, revealing her Jewish identity and Haman’s plot. Ahasuerus, swayed by Esther’s plea, orders Haman's execution and grants the Jews the right to defend themselves against their enemies.

Purim: A Celebration of Survival

Purim, held on the 14th day of the Hebrew month of Adar, commemorates the deliverance of the Jewish people from this near-genocide. The festival is marked by the reading of the Megillah (Book of Esther), giving gifts to the poor, and sending food to friends. It is a day characterized by joy and festivity, reflecting the dramatic reversal of fortune experienced by the Jews of Persia.

Customs and Observances

1. Megillah Reading: The primary observance of Purim is the reading of the Book of Esther, which recounts the story of the holiday. This is done twice: once on the evening of Purim and again the following morning.
2. Mishloach Manot: Sending food gifts to friends. It is customary to send a package containing at least two different types of food to at least one person.
3. Matanot LaEvyonim: Giving charitable gifts to at least two needy individuals as a reminder of the importance of community and helping others.
4. Purim Seudah: A festive meal that is held during the day of Purim, where it is customary to rejoice and celebrate the salvation of the Jewish people.

Lesser-Known Facts About Purim

• Historical Accuracy: The identification of Ahasuerus with Xerxes I of Persia is supported by historical texts, aligning the events of the Book of Esther with known Persian history.
• The Fast of Esther: Held the day before Purim, this fast commemorates Esther's three days of fasting before she approached King Ahasuerus with her request.
• Purim's Names: Purim is also referred to as the "Feast of Lots," reflecting the casting of lots (Pur) by Haman to determine the date on which to exterminate the Jews.

Reflections on Esther's Legacy

Esther's story is not just a tale from the past but a continuous source of inspiration. It teaches the values of courage, advocacy, and the power of individuals to enact change. Esther’s actions remind us that often, the fate of many can hinge on the brave decisions of one.

For further reading on the historical context of the Book of Esther and its significance, visit resources like Jewish Encyclopedia and My Jewish Learning.

Esther's narrative and the celebration of Purim offer profound insights into the resilience and solidarity of the Jewish people, serving as a timeless reminder of the importance of standing up for one's community and faith.