Pioneering Moments in Early American Aviation: A Closer Look at College Park

The Dawn of Civilian and Military Aviation at College Park

Key Historical Events and Figures

In 1909, College Park Airport witnessed groundbreaking achievements in aviation. Mrs. Ralph H. Van Deman made history as the first woman in the United States to fly as a passenger. In the same year, Lieutenant George Sweet became the first naval officer to take flight, an event that occurred on December 3 with pilot Frank Lahm. These events underscored the growing interest and participation in aviation across different sectors of society.

The hangar at College Park, initially serving as living quarters for the Wright Brothers and ten enlisted men during their training sessions, became a hub of aviation activity. Notably, Wilbur Wright himself made 55 flights from this location in 1909, with his fastest reaching a record-setting speed of 47 mph.

The Rise of Civilian Aviation Enterprises

The establishment of the Rex Smith Aeroplane Company by Rex Smith, an inventor and patent attorney, marked a significant development in civilian aviation at College Park. This initiative laid the groundwork for the later formation of the National Aviation and Washington Aviation Companies, which offered aircraft services and flight training based on Bleriot, Curtiss, and Wright models.

Milestones and Tragedies of 1912

1912 was another year of significant advancements and somber moments in aviation at College Park. The introduction of the "Military Aviator" pilot rating and the testing of the first aircraft-installed machine gun were notable achievements. Lieutenant Hap Arnold made history with the first mile-high flight. However, this year also witnessed the first death of a military enlisted person, Corporal Frank S. Scott of the U.S. Army, highlighting the inherent risks of early flight.

Transition to Airmail Services

By 1918, College Park Airport entered a new era as it was chosen by the U.S. Post Office for its first airmail service. This service initially ran a three-month trial from Potomac Park in Washington to Philadelphia and Belmont Park in Long Island, New York. The service was operated using the Curtiss JN-4H Jenny, piloted by Max Miller on June 12, successfully transporting mail to New York. The Jenny, a staple of the U.S. airmail fleet, featured a 27.5-foot length and a 43.9-foot wingspan, capable of carrying a significant load including the pilot and mail.

By 1919, an airmail hangar and a compass rose were constructed at College Park, and by 1921, twelve aircraft comprised the airmail fleet before the service expanded to a transcontinental route from New York.

Conclusion

College Park Airport's role in the early days of American aviation is a testament to the daring and innovation of the era. From hosting the first flights of naval officers and women passengers to pioneering airmail services, the airport not only contributed to technological advancements but also helped shape the trajectory of aviation history in the United States.