Curing buried, stored in a mine waste, for example, a factory in France was extracted nickel and cadmium from waste batteries, then the nickel used in steelmaking, cadmium is re-used in producing batteries.
There are basically three handling methods of waste battery: curing buried, stored in a waste mine, recycling.
The rest of various types of waste batteries are generally shipped to a special toxic and hazardous waste landfill, but this practice is not only too expensive but also wasteful, because there are a lot of useful materials can be used as raw material.
Recycling: heat treatment, they are two specialized processing old battery factories in Switzerland, an approach taken by one of them is sent the grinding old battery to the furnace to heat, then can extract the volatile mercury, in higher temperature, the zinc will be evaporated too, it is also a precious metal. Fusion of iron and manganese become the steel required manganese ferroalloys. The plant can process 2000 tons of waste batteries a year, obtain 780 tons of manganese ferro-alloys, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant is directly extracted iron from waste battery, and take the manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide and other metals mixture as scrap metal directly selling. However, the heat treatment is high cost, Switzerland also provides that charged a small amount of waste batteries processing fee from each battery purchase.
Wet treatment, in addition to the lead storage battery, various types of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, then by means of the ion exchange resin extracted a variety of metals from the solution, the raw material obtained in this way is pure than the method of heat treatment, so that with a higher price in the market, and 95% of various substances contained in the battery can be extracted. The wet process can be omitted sorting segment (because sorting is a manual operation, will increase the cost). Its cost is slightly higher than the landfill, but precious metal powder and raw materials will not be discarded, it will not pollute the environment.
Vacuum heat treatment method, first need to sort out the waste batteries nickel cadmium batteries, the waste batteries heated in a vacuum, wherein the mercury evaporates quickly, can be reclaimed, then grind the remaining material, use magnet to extract metallic iron, finally extract nickel powder and manganese powder from the remaining powder.
The above-mentioned were the international main methods of handling used batteries, environmental problems caused by waste batteries in China has not been got highly attention, so the recycling of waste battery, the research and development of treatment and disposal technology is almost zero, only a few several companies just starting out in this respect, China is pretty lacking of the sophistication and mature technology to process waste batteries. In addition to automotive lead-acid battery being recycling, other types of waste batteries are almost discarded as garbage.
Problems and suggests in waste battery recycling process, (1) Battery can not be processed after recycling, generally used stacked. The battery may leak or spread toxic substances in the stacking process. (2) because of there are exist various different kinds of battery, counterfeit products, it also bring many difficulty to the battery recycling, some batteries are mercury-containing batteries, some are cadmium-containing batteries, some of them use ammonium chloride as the electrolyte, and some of them take chloride zinc as electrolyte, so that suggest manufacturer use the uniform standard identifies the type of battery and contains the main ingredients for recycling. (3) to strengthen the propaganda, enhance the environmental awareness of citizens. (4) enhance the development of high-performance environment-friendly batteries, to achieve ordinary civil battery mercury-free. drecycling waste batteries, the country should be given support from policy.
Source:http://www.mhcmp.com
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