Michael Madigan

Poisons From Your PC

Computers contain  many poisons, which are constantly released into the environment through dumping, damage and degradation. 
This article explains how you can safely and legally contain and reduce this pollution.

You may be healthy right now.... but you're sitting in front of a big toxic timebomb when you compute.

Your PC (personal computer) contains many of the most dangerous hemicals  on earth, and they are building up continually at a location near you!

Manufacturers have sealed the toxins inside, but the dumping of obsolete PCs over the years, and crushing them in  landfills, will let dangerous substances seep out into surrounding land, air and water.

In the US, according to the Safety Council, 60 million PCs are already buried in
landfills and 138,000 computers a day will become obsolete  - and so ready for dumping - between 2004 and 2009.

Just in the UK, up to 2 million Pentium PCs are dumped  each year.

Also, any  disaster is likely to release vast quantities of poisonous material.
(One estimate of 9/11 was that the personal computers destroyed contained
200,000 pounds of lead!)

How much escaped into the outside world?  Judging from onsite readings taken in the following weeks- a LOT.

Far over acceptable limits.

From the start, a computer is environmentally expensive.

Building it will require 10 times its weight in fossil fuels,  plus a tonne of purified water. Polluting substances (at low levels) are also discharged into rivers,lakes and the air during every stage of  manufacture.

However savage competition, increasing repair costs, and regular model upgrading has meant the manufacturers have made little effort to recycle, as PC prices - and hence profit margins - have stayed low.

So what poisons are there in your average PC ?  The main ones are:

LEAD

Consumer electronics contribute 40% of lead continually dumped (until very recently) into landfills and scrap yards.

An average computer uses 4 pounds of Lead, i.e., 6.2% of the total weight of the PC.

The main uses of Lead in Consumer Electronics are for soldering of printed
circuit boards (PCBs) and other electronic components,  as well as glass
panels in computer monitors (cathode ray tubes), to shield you from radiation.
 
Typically a screen can contain 2 to 5 grams of lead!

Lead is one of the few natural substances not essential to life.

At even very low levels, lead has been shown to cause health problems.

Lead can damage the central and peripheral nervous systems,  blood system and kidneys in humans.

It accumulates in the environment and has serious damaging effects on plants, animals and microorganisms.
 
The difficulty with lead is that once it is mined from the
earth, there is no commercially acceptable way to destroy lead
or make it harmless - you can only try recycling.
Sadly, only about 5 % of the lead can actually be recycled.

CADMIUM

Cadmium occurs in certain electronic components such as resistors, infrared
detectors, semiconductors, older cathode ray tubes, in batteries and as a plastic stabilizer.

Cadmium and cadmium compounds concentrate in the human body, in particular in the kidneys, and may damage human health irreversibly.

It is absorbed mainly through breathing - very dangerous, (high levels can kill!)
but also enters via food, and can easily accumulate in amounts that cause
symptoms of poisoning.

Again like lead, cadmium has accumulated via the dumping of old
computers, and has become a hazard to us all.
      
BARIUM

Barium is used in the front panel of a CRT to protect users from radiation.
Barium can be released through the air, water, and soil, and also accumulates
in fish.

Studies have shown that short-term exposure to barium (through ingestion)
has resulted in brain swelling, muscle weakness, and damage to the heart,
liver, and spleen.

MERCURY

22 % of the yearly world consumption of mercury is used in electrical and electronic equipment.  In PCs,  you'll find mercury in  PWBs, batteries and the newer liquid crystal  LCD flat screens  that are replacing the older bulkier monitors, with their cathode ray tubes, (whose screens contained lead!)

Mercury is a powerful poison.

Published research has shown that mercury, even in small amounts, is more toxic than lead, cadmium and even arsenic!

Although mercury is just 0.0022% of the total weight of the computer, it is
a HUGE health hazard.

Not forgetting that so far, we haven't even touched on the other hazardous and polluting substances in a PC, like Tin, Arsenic, Beryllium, hexavalent Chromium, Selenium,Arsenic, Manganese,and  Silver.

Plus stabilisers and additives.

The polybrominated flame retardants coated on cables and circuit boards
may damage sexual development and growth, and accumulate in human breast milk.

Furthermore, if computer materials are 'destroyed' by commercial incineration, hazardous metals and cancer causing organics like dioxins can be discharged into the air.

Stricter laws are being gradually introduced worldwide controlling
the dumping and recycling of computers, although the present 'dumping' of
computer waste  by  the West on developing countries has
now become a major scandal.

We healthy people are making people overseas ill dismantling our PCs!

The main aim behind  PC disposal laws worldwide has been 'make the polluter pay', so  manufacturers will be expected to pay the direct costs.

(But don't be too amazed if you find your new PC  suddenly costs $50 more!)

The European Union has led the way with a series of Directives putting strict limits
on the hazardous content of a PC sold in member countries, and how all PCs are disposed of - sellers will have to take them back and arrange recycling.

The US has so far adopted a more piecemeal approach, although states as far apart as California and Alaska are enforcing strict controls on dumping and disposal of electronic equipment.

What can YOU do?

 - Check your local regulations if you want to  dispose of your computing equipment.

 - Give your computer away to a registered charity or organisation that can use it. (Make sure it's in good working order before you try this!)

 - Use a registered specialist disposal firm to remove and recycle old computers, don’t break the lawand pollute the environment!

 - In future, before you buy a new PC, consider buying a recycled computer, or upgrade your old one.

Plus, have a look at these sites.......

In Australia, http://www.dell.com.au/recycle

In the USA:

Environmental Protection Agency (US) http://www.epa.gov/

In UK, Industry Council for Electronic Equipment Recycling (ICER)http://www.icer.org.uk/

Good luck, and healthy living and computing in 2006 and beyond!

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