Duodenal atresia can sometimes be discovered during pregnancy as it frequently shows upward on antenatal ultrasound scanning. One third of all children with duodenal atresia have downs syndrome. It is too associated with polyhydramnios, which is increased amniotic fluid in the womb.
Duodenal atresia is a circumstance in which the best region of the tiny intestine has not developed decently. The reason of duodenal atresia is unidentified, but it is thought to ensue from problems during an embryo's growth in which the duodenum does not usually alter from a strong to a tube-like system. Duodenal atresia is frequently associated with new birth defects. Other associated anomalies include lymphangiomatous cysts of the mesentery, vertebral anomalies, nightclub feet, inborn eye disease, psychological retardation, and meckel's diverticulum.
In infants with duodenal atresia, or blockage, the digestive tract does not function. Some babies with this condition are born prematurely. Many babies appear well at birth but when they start to feed, they are sick and their vomit is green. Duodenal stenosis, or narrowing, can cause loss of appetite, failure to gain weight, vomiting, a sensation of filling up quickly, or excessive hunger. The condition can also cause a swollen abdomen and colicky, crampy pain. The clinical presentation depends on the degree of atresia or stenosis that is present. Bilious vomiting without abdominal distention is the cardinal sign in the patient with a duodenal obstruction. High grade obstructions will obviously present within the first few days of life. Less severe obstructions may allow a child to go several months or even years prior to diagnosis.
The diagnosis of duodenal atresia is usually confirmed by radiography. Once the disorder is suspected, infants should receive nothing by mouth, and an NGT should be placed to decompress the stomach. Duodenal atresia is repaired in an operation under general anaesthetic, which lasts around 90 minutes. Dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities are corrected by providing fluids through an intravenous tube. An evaluation for other congenital anomalies should be performed. Surgery to correct the duodenal blockage is necessary, but is not an emergency. The surgical approach will depend on the nature of the abnormality. After surgery, there may be late complications such as duodenal swelling, intestinal motility problems, or gastroesophageal reflux. Occasionally, interposing a segment of colon between the esophageal segments may be required.
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