Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is the syndrome of adénomateux polyposis most common. FAP can affect only 1 in 10.000 people. It is considered a model for the prevention of cancer in the whole world. FAP affects approximately 1 in 10.000 people. Men and the women are also affected. Approximately a third of case seems to result from new changes, which means that they will not have any preceding family antecedent of the disease. Symptoms of family adénomateux polyposis can include the bleeding of the rectum, the change of the practices of entrails, the abdominal pain, bottoms accounts of blood or the not explained loss of weight.
Other signs which can move with FAP are the pigmented lesions of the retina, of the cysts of jaw, the cysts sebaceous, and the osteomata. The combination of the polyposis, the osteomas, the fibromas and the cysts sebaceous names syndrome of Gardner. Each child of an affected relative has a risk of 50% to inherit gene of the disease. FAP is caused by a change of germline gene of filter of tumour of RPA, located on the tape 5q21. Of the more virulent forms of FAP are associated a change in the exon 15 between code 1250 and 1464, the central portion of gene.
Treatment of polyposis family one depends on the genotype. The medical care is mainly based on the endoscopic monitoring to detect the beginning of the polyposis. Consequently, the surgery would prevent the development of the cancer of two points. Chemotherapy with the doxorubicin and the dacarbazine can be tested if one observes no response with other therapies. Various drugs are studied to slow down the malignant degeneration of the polyps, more in obviousness non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Regular ingestion of the sulindac anti-inflammatory drug non-stéroïdal of drug, sulindac (Clinoril) can help to reduce the probability of the polyps reappearing in the rectum.
