Nickel is a silvery metal. In industrial production, the common nickel compounds are nickel oxide, nickel peroxide, nickel hydroxide, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride and nickel nitrate.
In addition to the nickel carbonyl can cause acute poisoning, nickel powder and its water-soluble compounds are allergenic. And some nickel compounds may have potential carcinogenicity.
The nickel plated watches, jewelry, eyeglass frames, nickel-plated instruments and occupational exposure to nickel powder and nickel sulfate can cause allergic dermatitis. Skin lesions similar to the general contact dermatitis, but is often accompanied by itching, sometimes referred to as nickel itching. Nickel powder and its compounds are highly sensitive to those who can produce bronchial asthma or lung eosinophilic granulocytes infiltrating disease, workers in contact with nickel powder pneumonia.
Nickel dermatitis can be allergic contact dermatitis treatment. Nickel-induced respiratory damage, give symptomatic treatment. Highly sensitive to nickel powder should be separated from the nickel job. Nickel carbonyl is a colorless liquid. By sunlight can become brown or grass gray. Volatile at room temperature. Heated to 150 to 180 , it can be decomposed into metallic nickel powder and carbon monoxide. Inhalation of high concentrations of nickel carbonyl in the short term may cause acute respiratory and nervous system damage.
Inhalation of high concentrations of carbonyl nickel powder after 5 to 30 minutes, there may be headache, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, nausea, throat, chest tightness, chest pain and other symptoms. Examination shows that the conjunctiva and throat congestion, lung auscultation can be no exceptions. Exacerbated by 8 to 72 hours after the temporary relief of these symptoms, and cough, sputum production, tachypnea, but also to moderate fever, chills, lethargy, confusion, etc. Lung auscultation, audible breath sounds rough and dry rales.
Severe poisoning, breathing difficulty, cyanosis, bloody frothy sputum and lungs covered with a wet sound, and chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema, can be high fever, convulsions, coma and heart and liver damage. For laboratory tests: urine nickel was significantly higher white blood cell count increased, and a few severe cases of serum ALT and bilirubin increased. Moderate and severe poisoning, the patient's chest X-ray examination in line with changes in the chemical peribronchial inflammation, pneumonia or pulmonary edema. ECG of severe poisoning patients has visible arrhythmias and myocardial damage.
First aid treatment for metal powder poisoning need to rapidly get away from the poisoning, clean the contaminated skin and hairs. The poisoned person should stay in a quiet environment and have a good rest with oxygen. Meanwhile, it need close observation for 72 hours. The person needs sufficient quantities of short-range glucocorticoids to prevent pulmonary edema and myocardial damage. If the pulmonary edema occurs, the defoamer methyl silicone aerosol inhalation and diuretic dehydration agent can be used. And the intravenous injection of sodium diethyldithiocarbamatre is necessary for severe poisoned person. And at the same time, they can take the same amount of sodium bicarbonate. Generally, it should be taken in 3 to 7 days. Patients with severe poisoning can also use antibiotics to prevent infection.Source:http://www.mhcmp.com
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