Glutathione is an important physiologically active substances, is from glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine through skin key condensation of a tripeptide compound, is a widely used active polypeptide.
Half of the ³-L-glutamyl-L phthalate cysteine phthalocyanine glycine by its chemical name, the English name is L- Glutathione.
Glutathione is isolated from the yeast in 1888; in 1921, scientists extracted crystallized and conceived its structure; elucidate its chemical structure and synthesis team in 1935, Enzymatic synthesis of glutathione mechanismexplore in 1953; seventies of the last century, further study of the chemical synthesis of glutathione, focused on process improvements; eighties of the last century, due to the development of genetic engineering technology, glutathione supplier began to study the production of glutathione bacteria and(enzyme) production of glutathione immobilized.
The relative molecular weight of glutathione is 307.33, the melting point is 189 to 193 ° C, the crystal was colorless and transparent elongated granular, the isoelectric point is 5.93. It is soluble in water, dilute alcohols, ammonia, and dimethylformamide and not soluble in alcohol, ether and acetone. Glutathione solid is more stable, with water in the air is easily oxidized, and the two molecules also prototype active mercapto glutathione disulfide oxidative condensation, i.e. the oxidized glutathione. Expressed in ionic form, can be seen as the missing electron oxidation (SH compound is weakly acidic, H + SH group to). This reaction is reversible, so glutathione has redox role. Oxidized glutathione (GSH) and reduced glutathione was having a physiological activity can play an important physiological need to restore oxidized glutathione vivo function. Therefore, when extracting glutathione can be added substances in solution which having a strong reducing such as vitamin C, etc. when there is a strongly reducing material can protect glutathione is not easy to be oxidized.
Glutathione in the distribution of plants and animals, glutathione nature is abundant in many plants and animals. Very high levels in the baker's yeast, wheat germ and animal liver is 100 = 1000mg/100g, 26 = 34mg/100g containing in human blood, with blood containing 58 = 73mg/100g , pig blood containing 10 = 15mg / 100g, tomatoes, pineapple, cucumber, content is also higher (12 = 33mg/100g), sweet potatoes, green bean sprouts, onions, mushrooms, low levels (0.06 = 0.7mg/100g). The glutathione structure containing a reactive sulfhydryl-SH, the easily oxidized deoxidation, the specific structure makes it become the main body radical scavengers. The body metabolism of many free radicals can damage cell membranes, invasion of macromolecules of life, promote aging body and generate induced tumors or atherosclerosis. As a cosmetic raw material, glutathione can scavenge free radicals play a strong protective effect on anti-aging. For example, when cells generate a small amount of H2O2 and glutathione in the role of glutathione peroxidase will reduce H2O2 to H2O, and itself is oxidized to GSSG, GSSG by glutathione in the liver and red blood cells, glutathione under the role of reductase catalytic, accept H reduced to glutathione, a free radical reactions to be sustained. Glutathione is a very special amino acid derivatives, and mercapto group-containing tripeptide, so it plays an important role in vivo.
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