Leukemia is one type of
cancer that affects the blood. This disease is characterized by a significant
increase of the leukocytes, popularly called white blood cells.
The first symptom is a large number of these cells in the blood marrow or even
in the circulation. Leukemia is a result of a genetic malfunction, a mutation
that happens inside the bone’s marrow. This disease has several types. It is
classified taking into consideration the type of the white blood cells that are
involved and also the way in which the disease is progressing.
Leukemia can derive from the bone marrow and it is called myelogenous or
granulocytic leukemia and also lymphocytic leukemia when it involves the lymph
nodes.
Leukemia disease can either be chronic or acute. It all depends on the kind of
white cells that are affected. The chronic one is named chronic myeloid
leukemia (CML) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The CLL in pets like dogs
and cats has a lot of similarities with the human disease but still some major
differences too.
The ALL, or acute lymphoid leukemia is a disease that progresses quite rapidly.
A few of the symptoms include fever, anemia, random bleeding, loosing the
appetite, swollen lymph nodes, panting, anxiousness, vomiting, pale gums,
shifting limb lameness, lack of coordination, some infections that appear
because of the week immune system. All these symptoms can cause death if the
disease is not treated.
At a clinical examination, if the dog has fever or a bigger than usual spleen
or liver, it is a good sign of the disease. Many mature animals develop the
acute lymphoid leukemia rather then the young. This is a difference from the
human disease which is quite common in children. Another important fact is that
this disease can cause some ocular lesions in dogs.
The chronic leukemia has many cancer white cells that are affecting the body’s
ability to fight the infections. The disease progresses slowly and it is fatal.
It suppresses the immune system and then the bone marrow fails to function. The
bag cells then infiltrate the other organs. The disease easily spreads into the
blood, the lymph nodes, liver or spleen and into the central nervous system.
The disease doesn’t create solid tumors or other solid masses. The death can be
quite painful.
Discovering the leukemia can be done ding a simple blood examination and then,
if there are suspicions, a bone marrow analysis.
