Glutathione, ³-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl - glycine, a small peptides combined by three amino acids, glutathione plays an important role in vivo. Glutathione is the most abundant cell in small molecule thiols compounds, is an antioxidant to protect the enzymes and other proteins of the sulfur, is a major component of the intracellular non-protein sulfhydryl groups, participate in oxidation-reduction reaction within the cell, is a coenzyme of certain enzymes, and have the activation effect on some sulfhydryl enzyme.
More and more clinical science experiments show that, the human body's glutathione increasing, is helpful to digestive, respiratory and metabolism. Many famous medical experts predict that: "glutathione will soon like cholesterol, become one of the indicators to measure human health.
Due to the important role of glutathione in intracellular, glutathione widely used in the field of medicine has been recognized for a long time, and increasingly being used in food additives, sports nutrition, health care products and cosmetic raw material.
The glutathione earliest started to develop by Japan in the 1990s, in 1999, use Japan raw materials to produce the injection reduced glutathione was appeared on the market in China. According to statistics, in 2002 glutathione in the Chinese market sales is $ 8.02 billion; the market sales glutathione in 2003 is 1.355 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 69.05%; Glutathione market in the first half of 2004 sales is $ 8.39 billion, an increase of 43.11% over the previous year. Simply in demand for several pharmaceutical companies, the monthly demand is estimated at 3 to 4 tons.
Glutathione pharmaceutical raw materials currently used by Chinese glutathione manufacturer all rely on imports, and its price is about 8000 ~ 9000 yuan / KG. China is currently lack of production capacity, also no production of raw materials for approval by the state. Although glutathione is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics, etc., but its extract is extremely rare, so the price is very expensive, mainly used in pharmaceutical industry.
Glutathione production methods have chemical synthesis, enzymatic conversion method, and a fermentation method. Currently, the chemical synthesis method and the extraction method has been industrialized, the enzymatic conversion method ongoing extensive research, not used for the industrial production of glutathione currently. Chemical synthesis method is applied to the production of glutathione earlier, but there is the disadvantage of the complex and time-consuming. The biosynthetic methods include enzymatic conversion method and microbial fermentation, enzymatic conversion on producing glutathione due to the need to obtain the relevant enzymes, complex procedures, need to consume expensive ATP, need to design ATP regeneration system, also need to join the precursor amino acids, so that because of the high cost, the research is still in the experimental stage. Microbial fermentation for the production of glutathione is currently the world's major production methods, and avoid expensive ATP consumption, more economical and practical, glutathione international origin in Japan, use microbial fermentation to produce glutathione. In China glutathione research started late, now mainly in campus of academic institutions, in the research stage, have not formed a certain scale of production.
Source:http://www.cosprm.com
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