Equine Influenza - Know the Facts!

Understanding Equine Influenza

Equine influenza is a widespread respiratory infection that affects horses globally. It is caused by two main strains of the virus: Equine-1 (H7N7) and Equine-2 (H3N8), with the latter being more prevalent today. The virus was first isolated in 1956 and has since been a significant concern for horse owners and veterinarians alike.

Transmission and Symptoms

The virus is transmitted through aerosolized droplets when infected horses cough or sneeze. Symptoms typically appear within 3-4 days after exposure and can include:

• High fever
• Clear nasal discharge
• Persistent dry cough
• Swollen lymph nodes under the jaw
• Depression and lethargy
• Eye discharge
• Loss of appetite
• Reluctance to drink
• Limb swelling and reluctance to move

In some cases, secondary bacterial pneumonia can develop, particularly in young foals and older horses, which can be fatal.

Treatment and Recovery

When a horse contracts equine influenza, it requires complete rest for a minimum of six weeks. This allows time for the damaged mucosal lining of the respiratory tract to heal. During this period, it's essential to house the horse in a well-ventilated stable with minimal dust to prevent further irritation.

Western medical treatments may include mucolytic agents to help break down mucus and antibiotics if a secondary bacterial infection is present. It's important to note that horses can be carriers of the virus even after symptoms subside, posing a risk of spreading the infection.

Complementary Therapies

In addition to conventional treatments, various complementary therapies can support a horse's recovery, including:

• Reiki
• Spiritual healing
• Crystal healing
• Acupressure
• Shiatsu
• Aromatics (animal aromatherapy)

These therapies may bolster the horse's immune system and promote self-healing, with aromatics potentially affecting infection resistance and hormone release.

Prevention: Vaccination and Homeopathic Nosodes

Vaccination remains the cornerstone of equine influenza prevention. Modern vaccines offer protection for 10-15 months and should be administered initially as a two-dose primary course, followed by boosters every 6-12 months. Side effects are rare but can include inflammation at the injection site or mild allergic reactions.

For horses that travel or compete, proof of vaccination may be required. Homeopathic nosodes, which are highly diluted preparations made from the equine influenza virus, are also used by some as a preventive measure. While they are associated with fewer side effects, there is limited scientific evidence supporting their efficacy.

The Global Impact of Equine Influenza

Equine influenza has significant economic implications for the equine industry due to the downtime required for affected horses and the potential for widespread outbreaks. For instance, the 2007 Australian outbreak led to the establishment of strict biosecurity measures and had a substantial financial impact on the horse racing and breeding industries.

Interesting Statistics

• The 2007 Australian equine influenza outbreak resulted in the cancellation of thousands of equestrian events and cost the economy an estimated AUD 1 billion (source: Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment).
• A study published in the journal Vaccine reported that equine influenza vaccination coverage among horses in the United Kingdom was only around 57.5% (source: Vaccine).

In conclusion, equine influenza is a serious disease that requires prompt attention and strict adherence to preventive measures. By staying informed and proactive, horse owners can help protect their animals and the broader equine community from the impacts of this infectious disease.