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Ethambutol hydrothlorideRetreatment: 25 mg/kg P.O. daily as a single dose for 60 days (or until bacteriologic smears and cultures become negative) with at Icast one other antituberculotic; thcn decreased to 15 mg/kg/day as a single dose. HOW SUPPLIEDTablets: 100 mg, 400 mg ACTION Unknown. Appears to interfere with the synthesis of one or more metabolites of susceptible bacteria, altering cellular metabolism during cell division (bactetio static). INDICATIONS & DOSAGE Adjunctive treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis - Adults and children over age 13: in patients who have not rcceived prcvious antitubercular thcrapy, 15 mg/kg P.O. as a single daily dose. ADVERSE REACTIONS CNS: headache, dizzincss, mental confusion, possible hallucinations, malaise, periphcral neuritis. CV: thrombocytopenia. EENT: optic neuritis, bloody sputum. GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, OJ upset. Hepatic: abnormal liver fnnction test results. Musculoskeletal: joint pain. Skin: dermatitis, pruritus, toxic epidermal necrolysis. Other: anaphylactoid reactions, fever, clevated uric acid level, prccipitation of acute gout. INTERACTIONS Drug-drug. Aluminum salts: may delay and rcduce absorption of ethambutol. Separate administration times by several hours EFFECTS ON DIAGNOSTIC TESTS None reporled. CONTRAINDICATIONS Contraindicated in patients with optic neuritis or hypersensitivity to drug and in children under age 13. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS " Use cautiously in patients with impaired renal function, cataracts, recurrent eye inflammations, gout, and diabetic retinopathy. " Visual acuity and color discrimination tests should be performed before and during therapy. " AST and ALT levels must be obtained before therapy , and these levels are monitored every 3 to 4 weeks. " Dosage reduction is necessary in patients with impaircd renal function. " Othcr antituberculotics must always be administered with ethambutol to prevent the development of resistant organisms. " Serum uric acid level should be monitored and the patient is monitored for signs of gout. Patient teathing " Visual disturbances will generally disappear several weeks to months after drug is stopped. Optic neuritis is related to dose and duration of treatment. " Drug is administered concurrently with other antituberculotics. " Complete the full course of drug therapy. Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
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