Understanding the different classifications of anaemia can help to recognise the symptoms and also to avoid anaemia in the first place...
Iron deficiency anaemiaIron deficiency anaemia is a condition in which the body has too little iron in the bloodstream. This form of anaemia is more common in adolescents and in women before menopause. Blood loss from heavy periods, internal bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, or donating too much blood can all contribute to this disease. Other causes can be from poor dietary habits or from chronic intestinal diseases.
The signs and symptoms of this disease are: 1. Paleness 2. Headache 3. IrritabilitySymptoms of more severe iron deficiency anaemia include: 1. Dyspnea 2. Rapid heartbeat 3. Brittle hair and nailsTreatment usually takes the form of oral iron supplements and dietary modifications.
Folic Acid Deficiency AnaemiaThis form of anaemia is characterised by a lack of folic acid, one of the B group of vitamins, in the bloodstream. This is usually caused by an inadequate intake of folic acid, usually found in vegetables or by the overcooking of the vegetables. Alcoholism can also be a contributing factor in this form of anaemia. During pregnancy when the folic acid is used more or in infancy, this disease can also manifest itself. It can also be caused as a side effect of other blood disorders.
Symptoms of the disorder include: 1. Weakness 2. Fatigue 3. Memory lapses 4. IrritabilityThis condition can be avoided by including foods with folic acid in the diet. Such foods include beef liver, asparagus, and red beans.
Pernicious anaemiaPernicious anaemia usually affects people between the ages of 50 and 60 and is a result of a lack of vitamin B12. The disease can be hereditary but some forms of the condition can be autoimmune diseases. People who have any autoimmune diseases are more likely to contract pernicious anaemia.
Symptoms of this form of anaemia may include: 1. Fatigue 2. Dyspnea 3. Heart palpitations 4. Numbness or tingling in extremitiesAplastic anaemiaAplastic anaemia is caused by an absence or reduction of red blood cells. This can happen through injury where the blood forming tissue in the bone marrow is destroyed. Because of this, the sufferer is unable to fight infection and is likely to be a heavy bleeder.
Symptoms include: 1. Lethargy 2. Paleness 3. Purpura 4. Bleeding 5. Rapid heartbeat 6. Infections 7. Congestive heart failureThere is no definite known cause for aplastic anaemia but it is thought to be caused by exposure to certain toxins and also to the hepatitis virus.
Sickle Cell AnaemiaThis form of anaemia is of a hereditary nature and is a result of an abnormal type of red blood cells. Sickle cell anaemia is a life threatening disease and there is no prevention.
Symptoms of this condition include: 1. Painful attacks in arms, legs and stomach2. Jaundice in whites of the eyes 3. Fever 4. Chronic fatigue 5. Rapid heartbeat 6. PalenessComplications include leg ulcers, shock, cerebral hemorrhage, and orthopedic disorders.
Polycythemia VeraThis disease is more common in middle aged men and is characterised by an increase in red blood cells, leucocytes, and thrombocytes. There is a very fast and intense reproduction of cells and the bone marrow cells mature more rapidly than usual. The cause of this condition is unknown.
Symptoms are: 1. Purplish coloured skin 2. Bloodshot eyes 3. Headache 4. Dizziness 5. Enlarged spleenAlthough the signs and symptoms of anaemia may seem overwhelming, the good news is that most forms can be effectively controlled with medication and dietary changes.
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