Understanding and Managing Persistent or Recurring Swelling

The Role of the Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system serves two primary functions. Firstly, it regulates the fluid levels within our bodies. Secondly, it acts as the body's waste disposal system, collecting waste products such as dead blood cells and pathogens from the interstitial fluid (the fluid that fills the spaces around cells) and filtering it before returning it to the bloodstream.

The lymphatic system comprises lymph vessels that carry lymph, a protein-rich fluid, and lymph nodes which filter out germs and toxins. There are over 100 lymph nodes throughout the body, primarily located in the neck, groin, and armpits. Lymphatic vessels contain valves that prevent the lymph from flowing backwards within the system. The lymph is transported through the vessels and moves via the squeezing action of their neighboring skeletal muscles.

Understanding Lymphedema

When the movement of lymph through the body becomes impaired, it leaks out of the lymphatic capillaries, causing the surrounding tissues to swell. This condition is known as lymphedema. It occurs when the amount of lymph fluid in the body exceeds the body’s ability to transport it, causing the lymph fluid to accumulate in the tissues and leading to swelling, particularly of the arms and legs.

There are two types of lymphedema. Primary Lymphedema, whose cause is unknown, can be present at birth or develop later in life. This condition is rare. Secondary Lymphedema often affects individuals who have undergone surgery, such as cancer surgery where lymph nodes are commonly removed. It can also affect individuals who have undergone radiation therapy, which can damage lymph nodes and cause scar tissue to form, interfering with the flow of lymph. It can also be experienced by individuals who have experienced a severe trauma or infection.

In the initial stages of this chronic condition, Lymphedema often begins with swelling in a hand or foot, particularly the one closest to where the surgery has occurred or radiation therapy has taken place. If left unchecked, the protein-rich lymph can continue to accumulate, leading to increased swelling and a hardening of the tissues. This increases your risk of developing an infection or may interfere or impair the function of the limb.

Lymphedema can develop in any part of the body. If you experience persistent or recurring swelling anywhere in your body, it is important to seek medical advice. Early intervention with this disorder greatly improves the long term outcome of the disease’s progression.

Wellness Recommendations for Managing Lymphedema

• Avoid rigorous, repetitive movements or heavy lifting.
• Women, if your arm is affected, consider switching from a heavy shoulder bag to a purse with hand straps.
• If your arm or leg starts to ache, lie down and elevate it.
• Wear loose fitting clothes, jewelry, socks and undergarments that may restrict lymphatic flow.
• Wear a compression sleeve or stocking on the affected limb.
• Keep your “at risk” limb clean and avoid activities that may irritate or damage the skin. Careful skin care may reduce the risk of lymphedema by helping you to avoid infection.
• Massage, particularly lymphatic massage, has been shown to help increase lymph drainage. You can do this yourself or work with a qualified massage therapist who has been specially trained in how to perform manual lymph drainage techniques.
• Begin a gentle exercise program. Exercise and muscle movement can help drain lymph fluid. (Consult with your doctor prior to beginning any exercise program).
• Drink plenty of water. Water is critical for proper lymph drainage.
• Certain herbs and supplements, such as Echinacea, Garlic, Oregon grape, Poke Root, Burdock, red clover, and mullein, are known to improve lymph filtration and drainage. Herbal combinations such as Nature’s Sunshine’s Lymphatic Drainage, Lymphomax or Lymphostim are designed to stimulate the immune system, fight infections and support the lymphatic system.

For more information on the lymphatic system and lymphedema, visit the National Cancer Institute or the Lymphatic Education & Research Network.