Understanding Radon and the Importance of Testing

What is Radon?

Radon is a radioactive gas that is completely undetectable without the use of specialized testing equipment. It typically moves up through the ground to the air above and into your home through cracks and other holes in the foundation. Radon can also enter your home through well water. Your home can trap radon inside, where it can build up. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), radon is the leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers and the second leading cause overall, contributing to about 21,000 lung cancer deaths every year.

Health Risks Associated with Radon

The Surgeon General and the EPA have both highlighted radon as a major public health concern. Prolonged exposure to high levels of radon can lead to lung cancer. In fact, a report by the EPA and the Surgeon General's Office states that radon is responsible for more than 20,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the U.S. alone. The risk is significantly higher for smokers exposed to radon due to a synergistic effect on lung cancer development.

Testing for Radon: Why and How?

Testing is the only way to know if your home has elevated radon levels. The EPA and the Surgeon General recommend testing all homes below the third floor for radon. There are primarily two types of radon testing methods:

1. Short-term testing: This can take from 2 to 90 days, depending on the device used. Charcoal canisters, alpha track, electret ion chamber, continuous monitors, and charcoal liquid scintillation detectors are commonly used for this type of testing.
2. Long-term testing: This takes more than 90 days but gives a better understanding of a home’s average year-round radon levels. Alpha track and electret detectors are typically used for this type of testing.

Steps to Test for Radon:

• Purchase a radon test kit: These are available at hardware stores, online, or through state radon agencies.
• Follow the instructions: Place the radon test device in the lowest level of the home that is regularly used. Avoid placing it in areas of high humidity or drafts.
• Send the device to a lab: After the testing period, seal the test device and send it to a laboratory for analysis.

Mitigating Radon: DIY and Professional Options

If your test results show high levels of radon (4 pCi/L or higher), immediate action is recommended. You can either take on DIY mitigation efforts or hire a certified radon mitigation contractor. Professional mitigation methods often involve installing a radon reduction system, which can reduce radon levels by up to 99%.

Finding a Radon Mitigation Professional:

• Contact your State Radon Office for a list of qualified contractors.
• Check credentials through the National Radon Proficiency Program or the National Radon Safety Board.

Conclusion

Radon exposure is a preventable health risk. Testing and mitigating radon in homes can drastically reduce the incidence of lung cancer associated with this dangerous gas. Homeowners are urged to test their homes and take necessary actions to ensure their indoor environments are safe from radon.