American Polydactyl cats are a unique breed known for their extra toes, a trait resulting from a genetic mutation. These cats, often referred to as "mitten cats" or "Hemingway cats," have captivated the hearts of many with their distinctive paws and charming personalities. While not officially recognized as a separate breed by major cat fancier associations, they continue to be bred and admired for their physical attributes and historical significance.
Polydactyl cats boast a higher-than-average number of toes due to a genetic mutation. Typically, cats have five toes on their front paws and four on their back paws. However, polydactyl cats can have anywhere from four to seven toes on each paw, with the front paws more commonly affected. This condition is not exclusive to any single breed, but it is notably prevalent in Maine Coons, according to a study published in the Journal of Heredity (source).
The American Polydactyl's history is steeped in maritime lore. It is believed that these cats were brought to the United States several centuries ago aboard ships from Europe. Sailors favored them for their superior mousing abilities and the superstition that their extra toes brought good luck.
The nickname "Hemingway cats" stems from the famous author Ernest Hemingway's affection for these felines. Hemingway's home in Key West, Florida, is now a museum and sanctuary for polydactyl cats, many of which are descendants of his original pet, Snow White (source).
American Polydactyl cats are medium-sized with muscular builds. They have broad heads, wide-set pointed ears, and slightly slanted round eyes. Their fur, which can come in any color, lies close to the body. Some may have a short tail, resembling that of a Bobtail cat.
Owners often report that American Polydactyls have a gentler demeanor and a sweeter personality compared to other cats. Their extra toes are not just a novelty; they provide the cats with enhanced grasping abilities, contributing to their reputation as skilled hunters.
While generally healthy, some polydactyl cats may face health challenges. Certain variants of the mutation can lead to bony anomalies, potentially causing mobility issues. However, most polydactyl cats learn to adapt and move about with ease as they grow older.
The additional toes on a polydactyl cat may be fully functional and separate or fused with other toes. This can sometimes lead to difficulties in grooming or walking, but with proper care, these cats can lead normal, active lives.
Despite their popularity, American Polydactyl cats are not officially recognized as a distinct breed by major cat fancier organizations. This is partly due to the variability of the trait and its occurrence across different breeds. Nevertheless, dedicated breeders continue to develop these cats, valuing their unique appearance and historical significance.
In conclusion, American Polydactyl cats are a testament to the diversity and adaptability of felines. Their extra toes not only make them stand out but also serve as a reminder of their storied past and the affection they have garnered from cat lovers around the world.
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