In the face of water scarcity, particularly in arid regions, gardeners and landscape designers are reimagining outdoor spaces to minimize lawn areas without sacrificing functionality and beauty. This shift in garden design philosophy is not only environmentally responsible but also creates opportunities for more diverse and engaging landscapes.
Water scarcity is a growing concern worldwide, with many regions experiencing severe droughts. According to the World Resources Institute, by 2040, most of the world will face high levels of water stress. This has led to a reevaluation of traditional garden designs, which often feature expansive lawns that require significant amounts of water to maintain.
Lawns have long been a staple of garden design, offering a versatile space for activities such as children's play and sports. However, in dry climates like the Mediterranean, parts of the United States, Australia, South Africa, and the Middle East, maintaining a large grassy area is becoming increasingly untenable. The solution lies in creating smaller, more intimate garden spaces that require less water.
One approach to reducing lawn size is to increase the width of shrub borders. Traditional garden designs tend to use a narrow strip of shrubs along the lawn's edge, but a broader border can add depth and reduce the lawn's footprint. Many shrubs, such as Junipers, Leucophylum, and Pistachio, need significantly less water than grass. By expanding the shrubbery from a 50cm strip to a 2-meter-wide area, water savings can be substantial.
Ground cover plants can serve as a water-conserving transition between the lawn and shrubbery. These plants can link the garden's elements together while mirroring the texture of taller plants. For instance, Asparagus densiflorus "Sprengerii" pairs well with thin-leaved shrubs like Junipers and Melaleucas. Ground covers can potentially reduce the lawn area by over 20%.
Incorporating seating areas with decorative paving or wood decking can create a more dynamic and usable garden space. These areas require no water and can serve as focal points that connect different parts of the garden. The addition of seating areas can transform a conventional suburban plot into a more interesting and sustainable landscape.
While artificial grass may seem like a simple solution to water issues, it lacks the natural qualities of real grass, such as its smell and feel. However, in a modern, minimalist garden design, artificial turf could be an appropriate choice. It's important to note that while artificial grass doesn't require watering, it does have environmental impacts related to its production and disposal.
As water becomes an increasingly precious resource, garden design must evolve. By incorporating water-efficient plants, expanding shrubbery, and adding functional hardscapes, gardens can remain beautiful and practical while conserving water. These strategies not only address environmental concerns but also offer an opportunity to create unique and personal outdoor spaces.
For more information on water-wise gardening, the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Australian Water Association provide resources and guidelines on sustainable landscaping practices.
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