Discover the untapped potential of growing garlic from true seed in your organic garden. Contrary to popular belief, garlic seeds are not always sterile and can be a more productive method than traditional clove propagation. This article delves into the techniques and benefits of cultivating garlic from seed, debunking myths and providing a step-by-step guide to enhance your gardening experience.
For generations, the common practice of starting garlic from cloves has been perpetuated by a long-standing myth: that garlic seed is sterile. This misconception has been echoed through gardening literature, much like historical beliefs that tomatoes were poisonous or runner beans were merely ornamental. However, recent developments have shed light on the viability and efficiency of garlic seeds.
Japanese agricultural research has demonstrated that garlic bulbules—tiny bulbs found within the seed head—can be cultivated into robust garlic bulbs with remarkable efficiency. A typical garlic bulb may contain around twelve cloves, but its seed head can house approximately 100 bulbules, with some varieties boasting up to 300. Even with a 50% germination rate, this represents a significant increase in potential yield.
Growing garlic from seed is straightforward. The process involves allowing garlic to go to seed and then storing the heads at room temperature (around 65°F). In May, the seed heads are broken apart to release the bulbules, which are then planted in pots with potting compost and reared in a greenhouse or cold frame (45°F-80°F). Proper watering is essential, just as with any other plant.
Once germinated, the bulbules grow similarly to onion sets and are transplanted outdoors in the fall. By the following summer, they produce large garlic bulbs. Unlike cloves, which can rot or dry out, dry garlic bulbules are easier to store and transport. They can be kept viable almost indefinitely in a freezer with an air-tight jar and silica gel to reduce moisture.
Garlic cultivation dates back to ancient times, yet the propagation from seed has been largely overlooked. The key to success lies in selecting the right varieties and understanding the need for vernalization—over-wintering cloves at just above freezing temperatures. Hard-neck varieties of garlic (Allium sativum) are known to produce viable seed heads after vernalization. When planted in early spring, these cloves can yield seed by summer, which can then be saved and sown the following year.
In the first growing season, each plant will produce a single bulb. It's crucial to remove any seed heads that emerge during this time, as they will not be viable. The bulb will then divide into normal cloves, which can be used for cooking or planted to produce seed heads.
The myth of garlic seed sterility likely originated from the observation of soft-neck garlic varieties, which are typically sown from cloves and can produce seed heads in their first year. However, these seeds are often sterile. Had farmers focused on hard-neck varieties, the availability of true garlic seed might be commonplace today.
It's important to note that common garlic (Allium sativum) should not be confused with Elephant, African, or great-headed garlic (Allium ampeloprasum), which is actually a type of leek and often produces viable seed.
By experimenting with hard-neck garlic varieties, gardeners can unlock a new and efficient method of propagation. This approach not only increases productivity but also offers a dual harvest, as the original mother bulb can still be used in cooking.
For more gardening insights and tips, consider exploring resources such as the free ebook "Lazy Secrets for Natural Gardening Success," available at reputable gardening websites.
Learn more about the benefits of organic gardening Explore the history and uses of garlic in cooking and medicine
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