The Ultimate Guide to Cultivating Tree Ferns

The Fascinating World of Tree Ferns

Tree ferns are a captivating group of plants that have been a part of Earth's flora for millions of years, coexisting with dinosaurs during the Mesozoic era. Their charm and elegance have not faded with time, as evidenced by their resurgence in modern horticulture. These plants are not only aesthetically pleasing but also serve as a link to our planet's ancient past.

Hardy and Non-Hardy Tree Ferns in the UK

In the UK, tree ferns can be categorized into hardy and non-hardy species. It is estimated that there are up to a thousand species of tree ferns, predominantly found in the Southern Hemisphere and the tropics. Many of these species are not cold-hardy, making them challenging to grow outdoors in the UK's climate. However, the two main types that can withstand the UK weather are the Cyathea and Dicksonia genera. The most commonly available species include:

• Cyathea spinulosa
• Cyathea australis
• Cyathea dealbata
• Dicksonia antarctica
• Dicksonia fibrosa
• Dicksonia squarrosa

These species have adapted to cooler climates and can be successfully cultivated in the UK with proper care.

Sourcing Tree Ferns: Sizes and Retailers

Tree ferns are available in various forms, from spore-propagated plants to complete trunks harvested from rainforests or tropical regions, often as a by-product of logging or other activities. Garden centers and specialist nurseries are the usual places to purchase tree ferns. Trunks are often sold without fronds, which will emerge after a few weeks of planting. Prices vary, with specimens featuring fronds typically commanding a higher price.

Selecting the Ideal Location for Your Tree Fern

Tree ferns thrive in shaded areas, although they can adapt to sunny spots if provided with ample water to prevent sunburn on the fronds. The ideal location in your garden would offer some shade for at least part of the day. Tree ferns also prefer a moist environment and require daily watering during warmer months, particularly inside and down the trunk. They can grow well in containers, provided they are placed in a shady area.

Planting and Caring for Tree Ferns

Tree ferns are not demanding when it comes to soil quality; they can survive in poor or stony soil. Slightly acidic soil is preferable, and adding ericaceous compost can be beneficial. A light application of blood and bone meal can provide essential nutrients for the plants. When planting, dig a hole just large enough for the root ball or slightly larger than the trunk for tree fern trunks. Ensure the plant is upright, and the weight of the trunk will aid in stability. Over time, the tree fern will develop its own roots for additional support.

Nourishing Your Tree Fern

Feeding your tree fern is necessary for its health and growth. If planted under the canopy of larger trees, your tree fern will benefit from the nutrients released by decaying leaves. However, additional feeding is still recommended. One of the best fertilizers for tree ferns is Maxi Crop, a seaweed-based product rich in nutrients and minerals. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for dilution and apply the feed at least every two months.

Winter Protection for Tree Ferns

The Cyathea and Dicksonia species are among the hardiest tree ferns available and can generally endure a typical UK winter. As evergreen plants, they require some protection from severe frost. Before the onset of harsh winter weather, place a wedge of straw in the crown of the plant (where the fronds emerge) to insulate against frost damage.

Tree ferns are not only a testament to the resilience and diversity of plant life on Earth but also a beautiful addition to any garden. With the right care and conditions, these prehistoric plants can thrive and bring a touch of the ancient world to your outdoor space.