Maximizing wheat production is crucial for meeting the global food demand. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are a key tool for enhancing wheat crop performance. These substances can modulate plant growth, improve resistance to environmental stress, and ultimately lead to increased grain weight and yield. This article delves into the various PGRs used in wheat cultivation, their application methods, and the benefits they offer to the agricultural sector.
Gibberellin is a plant hormone that plays a significant role in wheat growth, particularly during the jointing stage. Research has shown that applying a 40mg/kg concentration of gibberellin solution at a rate of 40-50kg per acre can lead to an increase in both grain number and weight. This application can contribute to the overall quality and early maturation of the wheat crop.
Cycocel (Chlormequat chloride) is effective in managing robust wheat fields. A 0.15-0.3% solution, applied at 50-75kg per acre during the early jointing stage, can inhibit internode elongation and strengthen the stem base, reducing the risk of lodging. When combined with 2,4-D butyl ester, Cycocel also helps control broadleaf weeds.
Mepiquat chloride, applied at 15-20ml per acre diluted in 50-60kg of water, can similarly prevent excessive growth and lodging when sprayed during the jointing stage. This treatment has been associated with a 10-20% increase in production.
Fulvic Acid, also known as a drought-resistant agent, is a novel PGR that bolsters a crop's ability to withstand dry conditions. During the wheat booting stage, applying 50 grams of this agent diluted in 2.5-10kg of water per acre can improve water retention, reduce transpiration, and delay leaf senescence. This application has been linked to an average yield increase of 16.6%.
Petroleum fueling agents, primarily composed of sodium naphthenate, stimulate plant growth. Spraying a 1000 times diluted solution at 50kg per acre from the flowering to grain filling stages can protect against heat stress and enhance grain weight, leading to an average yield increase of 7.8%.
Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), when sprayed at a 40mg/kg concentration before grouting, promotes cell division and expansion, increases fruit set, and alters the ratio of female to male flowers. This wide-ranging impact is beneficial for wheat production.
Uniconazole, a highly efficient PGR, is particularly effective in preventing lodging in dense, high-fertilizer conditions. Its biological activity is significantly higher than paclobutrazol, and it can reduce sterile spikelets while increasing grain weight. Field tests have shown that uniconazole-treated wheat can yield an average of 15.4% more than untreated crops. The recommended application is a 30-40mg/kg concentration sprayed at 50kg per acre, one week before the wheat jointing stage.
Plant cytokinin, when used at the jointing or heading stage, can enhance chlorophyll formation and protein synthesis, thus boosting photosynthesis and resilience. This treatment supports early maturity and high yield. Phenoxyacetic acid, applied at a 60mg/kg concentration during the grain grouting stage, can also protect against heat and contribute to increased grain weight.
The strategic use of PGRs in wheat cultivation can significantly improve crop performance and yield. By understanding the specific benefits and application methods of each regulator, farmers can tailor their field management practices to achieve optimal results. As the global population continues to grow, such advancements in agricultural technology will be vital for ensuring food security.
For more detailed information on plant growth regulators and their impact on wheat yield, visit authoritative sources such as the Food and Agriculture Organization and Agronomy Journal.
Article adapted and expanded from original content available at cospcn.com.
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