Those who embark on wildlife holidays in Galapagos can see the work of the Giant Tortoise Restoration Initiative (GTRI) in action.
The Giant Tortoise is one of the most recognisable of all the animals of the Galapagos Islands. And, for nature lovers who opt for wildlife holidays in Galapagos, it is one of the most sought-after encounters. As with many other animals, however, despite its iconic status as the world's largest land tortoise, it has faced survival challenges, and today is extinct or near-extinct on some of the islands of the archipelago.
Of an original 14 populations, only eleven remain – with many of them considered critically endangered. The GTRI (Giant Tortoise Restoration Initiative) is a conservation project that aims to turn the tide and restore its populations throughout the islands.
The Work of the GTRI
Established in 2014, the GTRI has been working in partnership with the National Park Directorate to achieve a number of goals. The initiative's long-term goals include:
Why They Need Help
In an environment where it had no natural predator for millions of years, the Giant Tortoise became the animal that was most affected by human arrival on the islands. For many years, they were used as a food source by settlers and maritime travellers, who worked out that they were able to survive for long periods at sea. They transported them live in the holds of the ships, and then killed them as needed.
In addition to being a food source, the population was decimated with the introduction of animals such as dogs, goats, cows and pigs. Dogs and pigs plundered the eggs and hatchlings, while the cows and goats were in competition for the tortoises' own food sources.
While it is illegal to capture them today, and introduced animals are gradually being controlled or phased out, in some cases it is too late. But resurrecting an extinct subspecies, such as the one that was endemic to the island of Floreana, is becoming a distinct reality through the dedicated work of the GTRI.
Progress Made
The species from Floreana Island has been considered extinct since 1850. But thanks to advances in DNA testing, scientists were able to determine its exact genetic footprint in 2008. They then tested a hybrid population on the island of Isabela’s Wolf Volcano that had divergent DNA, and discovered that it matched that of the extinct Floreana species. How this crossbreeding occurred is a mystery, although the most likely explanation is through human intervention, perhaps by offloading them between the different islands.
A group of 30 was removed to the research centre on Santa Cruz, where scientists were able to analyse their DNA further. It was discovered that two were classified F1, meaning that they are offspring of two purebred parents. Through a captive breeding programme, the GTRI are now intending to repopulate Floreana Island with the offspring of these animals – effectively bringing the species back from the dead.
Visit the Past and the Future on Wildlife Holidays in Galapagos
Thanks to the GTRI, the species' past is now linked inextricably to their future, and it looks entirely probable that the population can be restored to its natural habitat. Visitors on wildlife holidays in the Galapagos can visit the Tortoise Centre on Santa Cruz to see the resurrection of the Floreana Giant Tortoise in (albeit very slow) action.
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