Angular Cheilitis, also known as angular stomatitis, perleche, or angular cheilosis, is a painful condition characterized by inflammation and cracking at the corners of the mouth. This condition can cause significant discomfort and, if left untreated, may lead to more severe complications. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for those affected by this condition.
Angular Cheilitis is an inflammatory lesion at the labial commissure, the corners of the mouth, often presenting bilaterally. It is identifiable by its hallmark symptoms: painful splits, deep cracks that may bleed upon opening the mouth, crust formation, and sometimes shallow ulcers.
The exact cause of Angular Cheilitis is not always clear, but it can be associated with fungal infections, particularly Candida albicans, or with bacterial infections. Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of iron, vitamin B (especially B2 riboflavin, B3 niacin, B6 pyridoxine, and B12 cobalamin), or zinc, are also known contributors. These deficiencies may arise from malnutrition or an inadequate diet.
Elderly individuals and children are more susceptible to Angular Cheilitis. In the elderly, tooth loss can lead to over-closure of the mouth, creating a moist environment where bacteria can thrive at the corners of the lips. Ill-fitting dentures can exacerbate this problem by further promoting mouth over-closure.
Less severe cases of Angular Cheilitis may resemble chapped lips and are more common during winter or cold spells. While teenagers and younger children are less prone to the condition, certain behaviors, such as lip-licking, can aggravate the situation by providing temporary relief but ultimately worsening the condition. Additionally, harsh medications, fungal infections, and bacteria can also be contributing factors.
When treating Angular Cheilitis, it's essential to address both the underlying cause and the symptoms. Antifungal creams or ointments are often prescribed if Candida albicans is present. In cases of bacterial infection, a topical antibiotic may be necessary. For nutritional deficiencies, dietary adjustments and supplementation of iron, B vitamins, and zinc can be beneficial.
Maintaining proper oral hygiene, avoiding lip-licking, and protecting the lips from extreme weather conditions can help prevent Angular Cheilitis. For those with dentures, ensuring a proper fit and regular cleaning can reduce the risk of developing the condition.
Our lips and mouth are in constant use throughout the day, whether we're eating, speaking, expressing emotions, or kissing. It's easy to take them for granted until a problem like Angular Cheilitis arises, highlighting the importance of regular lip care.
Angular Cheilitis can be a distressing condition, but with proper treatment and preventive measures, it can be managed effectively. If you suspect you have Angular Cheilitis, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. Remember, taking care of your lips is not just about aesthetics; it's about maintaining overall oral health.
For more information on Angular Cheilitis and its treatment, visit reputable sources such as the American Academy of Dermatology or the National Institutes of Health.
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