Physiological role and nutritive effect of biotin

Since the toxicity of raw egg white is found out, biotin is isolated as a protective factor and its biological function has also been recognized. The biotin is widely distributed in the feed. The bacteria in intestinal can also synthesize it. So there are rarely biotin deficiencies. Cosmetic raw material suppliers are optimistic about biotin’s future.

The structure of the biotin sulfur ureido ring with a valeric acid side chain, it has eight different structural isomers, of which only ´-biotin with biological activity. Biotin is stable to heat, but not easily dissolved by acid and alkali, slightly soluble in water and ethanol. Biotin is relatively stable under normal circumstances, but in the handling of acids, alkalis, formaldehyde, and ultraviolet light will be destroyed. Avidin and biotin will not be absorbed in the intestine, but it can make the heat treatment re-used.

Biotin is the cofactor of carboxylation and decarboxylation in the metabolism enzymes, able to participate in carboxylation reactions, gluconeogenesis and protein synthesis, which are thought to be life and epithelial tissue growth and maintenance, and reproduction necessary. In carbohydrate metabolism, biotin play a role in the carboxylation and decarboxylation processes, production of the citric acid cycle depends on the existence of biotin. Is generally believed that the capacity biotin major role by promoting the phosphorylation. In carbohydrate metabolism, the specific biological-dependent response to four: pyruvate carboxylation to oxaloacetate; malic acid into pyruvate; succinic acid and propionic acid into each other; oxaloacetic succinic acid conversion to generate the ±-keto glutaric acid.

Biotin on the regulation of blood glucose levels in two ways: First, the pyruvate carboxylase pathway, inadequate carbohydrate intake or hunger to play a role. Biotin for the composition of the pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis, biotin through the promotion of pyruvate carboxylase activity to promote the role of gluconeogenesis, in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels: glucose kinase pathway, glucokinase activity by biotin, the activity decreased when the biotin deficiency, glucokinase mainly by the liver cells and pancreatic ²-cells play an important enzyme in glucose metabolism the center of the regulatory role of physiological regulatory role of glucose kinase activity for normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, postprandial hepatic glucose absorption and discharge and appropriate inhibition of gluconeogenesis on liver glucose is required. Many hospitals and animal feed factories buy biotin to regulate blood glucose levels.

In protein metabolism, biotin acylase in protein synthesis, amino acid deamination, purine synthesis and nucleic acid metabolism plays an important role. In a variety of amino acid degradation process in the carboxyl role of biotin, biotin deficiency will impede leucine deamination conversion of acetyl-CoA, liver biotin depletion will reduce liver methyl butene-acyl COA carboxylase.The enzyme is necessary for leucine degradation.

Similarly, when mouse body lacks biotin, mouse liver, ability of citrulline which is synthesized by ornithine decreased. The ornithine carbamyl enzyme activity is significantly decreased. The vitro experiments have shown that if there are biotin deficiencies, proteins are significantly inhibited when amino acid enters into the liver, intestinal mucosa, pancreas and skin tissue. By the simple injection of supplementary biotin, it can promote the combination of amino acids. Biotin highly promotes the synthesis of some certain proteins it has no effect on synthesis of other proteins.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com