Zinc-manganese batteries are made of flour, starch and so on, make the electrolyte become gel, does not flow, form a barrier, or be separated using cotton, paper, etc. Zinc manganese battery’s start using voltage is different with the using type of MnO2, electrolytes and pH value, usually in 1.55~1.75V, the nominal voltage is 1.5V.
Manganese dioxide is the active material of positive electrode, directly participating in the electrochemical reactions, is the main material to determine the amount of battery charge. According to its preparation method, can be divided into natural manganese dioxide, chemical manganese dioxide and electrolytic manganese dioxide. Wherein the electrochemical activity of electrolytic manganese dioxide is highest, chemical manganese dioxide followed.
Graphite is one of the materials of anode. Have crystal form (commonly known as Flake) and aphanitic form (commonly known as the earthy) two kinds. Graphite does not participate in the electrochemical reaction, have good electrical conductivity, adsorptivity and tendency. Added into batteries can increase the battery's electrical conductivity. It adheres around the porous manganese powder absorbs a certain amount of liquid, make the batteries maintain a certain amount of water, can fully improve the utilization of manganese powder.
Acetylene black, the function is similar to graphite in anode. Its specific gravity is very small, the particles are finer, average diameter is 35~45nm, specific surface is 60~70m2/g, electrical conductivity is only second to graphite, dispersivity, hydroscopicity are far better than graphite.
Zinc, the cathode active material, as a battery’s container and cathode electrical conductor, is the main material to determine the battery’s store performance. There are containing a small amount of cadmium and lead in zinc. Cadmium can enhance the strength of zinc, lead can improve the processing performance of zinc. Cadmium and lead were able to increase the overpotential of hydrogen in zinc electrode, reduce the self-discharge of zinc electrode, slowing the corrosion of zinc and hydrogen released. According to metal powder supplier, if the zinc plate containing Cu, Fe, Ni and so on, will reduce the overpotential of H2 precipitation on zinc electrode, accelerate battery’s self-discharge during storage, so that these harmful impurities must be strictly controlled.
Ammonium chloride is the main component of zinc-manganese battery electrolyte. Its role is: supplying the H+ which reduced due to the positive reaction in discharge process; also added with a certain volume of solid ammonium chloride in anode, to supply the ammonium chloride which reduced in the discharge process; enhance the conductivity of the electrolyte. Zinc chloride, used in the electrolyte. Main role: mitigating zinc corrosion, keeping the water in the electrolyte, damageing starch’s chain-like structure, accelerating the rate of electrolyte paste, reducing the increase of pH values during battery discharge. Flour, corn starch, the main role is to make the electrolyte paste becomes immobile separation layer, make it both has good ion conductivity and fixed batteries, convenient to portable use; have protective effect on zinc, can slow the corrosion of zinc. The sticky of flour is better than starch, with strong adhesiveness, keep moisture performance is good, uneasy to precipitate. So that while preparing electrolyte, starch and flour should mix use.
Source:http://www.mhcmp.com
The application of tungsten in various industries
Steel Industry Most of tungsten applied in the production of special steels. The widely used high-speed steel was containing 9-24% of tungsten, 3.8-4.6% of chromium, 1-5% of vanadium, 4-7% of cobalt, 0.7-1.5% of carbon.
Magic effects of coconut oil
According to records, coconut oil can be regarded as the nobility of skin care plant extracts. It was rich in exotic tension of tropical plants, which can enhance the contractile force of the pores, perfectly beautify and nourish the skin.
The Evolution and Impact of Abamectin and Emamectin Benzoate in Pest Control
Abamectin and its derivative, emamectin benzoate, have emerged as pivotal substances in the realm of pest control, offering a broad-spectrum efficacy against various pests while maintaining a favorable environmental profile. As the agricultural industry continues to evolve, these compounds have adapted to meet the growing challenges of pest resistance, expanding their market applications and maintaining cost-effectiveness despite rising production costs.
